Yimaphi Abathengisi Bemingcele Abadinga Imikhiqizo Yezemidlalo Yangaphandle Ethengiswa Ngobuningi?

• I-Wholesale ibaluleke kakhulu uma umthengisi edinga ukunikezwa okuphindaphindwayo, hhayi ukuthengwa kanye kuphela.
• Abathengisi abawela imingcele kufanele babeke phambili i-OEM, ukuvunyelwa kwesampula, kanye nokuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuthunyelwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukubuyiselwa kwempahla kanye nengozi yokufakwa ohlwini.
• Imikhiqizo yezemidlalo yangaphandle isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuqoqweni: imidlalo yasemanzini, ukufaneleka komzimba, ukuzijabulisa ngaphandle, kanye nokuzijabulisa kwezingane.
• Ukuthobela imithetho kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezibalulekile kubalulekile njengentengo, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni ezihlobene nokuphepha.
• Amakhasi okuthola ulwazi lwangaphakathi kufanele asetshenziswe ukuqondisa abathengi kusukela ekutholakaleni kwesigaba kuya ekuqinisekisweni kwemininingwane.

Kumthengisi owela umngcele,imikhiqizo yezemidlalo yangaphandle ngobuningiakuyona nje isiteshi sokuthenga; isu le-margin elakhelwe phezu kwesidingo esiphindaphindwayo, ukuhambisana kokupakisha, kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi. Ezigabeni eziningi zomkhiqizo, umehluko phakathi kokufakwa ohlwini okunenzuzo kanye nokubuyiselwa kwemali okuningi kuncike ekutheni umhlinzeki angakwazi yini ukubamba ukubekezelelana, ukufanisa amasampula, kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso ukwesekwa. I-ISO 9001:2015 ibeka uhlaka lohlelo lokuphathwa kwekhwalithi olubhalwe phansi, kuyilapho i-ISO 20471 yezingubo ezibonakala kakhulu kanye ne-ASTM F1487 yemishini yokudlala ikhombisa ukuthi amazinga athile esigaba abumba kanjani izinqumo zomkhiqizo. Umhlinzeki ongasekelaimikhiqizo yezemidlalo yamanzi, imishini yokufaneleka, futhiamatende ezinganekunikeza abathengisi isikhala esengeziwe sokwakha iphothifoliyo kunokugembula ngento eyodwa.

Yimaphi amaphrofayili abathengisi abavela kwamanye amazwe azuza kakhulu ngemikhiqizo yezemidlalo yangaphandle ethengiswa ngobuningi?

Abathengisi abazuza kakhulu yibo abaphatha imijikelezo yokuthenga ephindaphindwayo, izinguquko zezinhlobo zesizini, noma ukwanda kwemakethe ezifundeni eziningi.

Uma uthengisa ku-Amazon, i-Walmart Marketplace, i-Shopify, noma iziteshi zesifunda ze-B2B, ukuthola ngobuningi kukusiza ukulawula izindleko zokufika, ukupakisha, kanye nesikhathi sokugcwalisa kabusha. Umthengisi onomjikelezo woku-oda kabusha wezinsuku ezingu-30 akanakuncika ekuthengeni okungavamile kokuthengisa. Badinga ukuhambisana komkhiqizo, ukuhlela ibhokisi, kanye nomhlinzeki ongasekela ilebula yangasese, ngoba ukuzinza kwe-SKU kuthinta ngqo ukubuyekezwa, amazinga okubuyisa, kanye nesivinini sokukala.

Imikhiqizo yezemidlalo yangaphandle ifaneleka kakhulu uma isitolo sesivele sinesidingo esiseduze kwezokuqina komzimba, ukukhempa, ukuzijabulisa emanzini, noma ukuzijabulisa komndeni. Yingakho imodeli yomhlinzeki enezigaba eziningi ibalulekile. Ungasuka kuizesekeli zezemidlalo zeqembuukuzijabulisa kwangaphandle, noma kusukelaimishini yokuzivocavoca ekhayafaka izinhlobo eziningi zendlela yokuphila esebenzayo ngaphandle kokushintsha indlela yakho yokuthola ulwazi.

Indlela yokunquma ukuthi imikhiqizo yezemidlalo yangaphandle iyafanelana yini nesiteshi sakho ngobuningi

Imodeli efanele yokuthola ulwazi incike ekuzinzeni kwesidingo, inani elimaphakathi le-oda, kanye nokuthi isiteshi sakho sidinga ukwenza ngokwezifiso okungakanani.

I-Wholesale ngokuvamile iyindlela engcono uma izidingo zomkhiqizo wakho zibikezelwa ngokwanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe amanani asekelwe ku-MOQ kanye nokuhambisana kokupakisha. Uma isiteshi sakho siqhutshwa ukuthenga okungenangqondo, ungase usebenzise i-wholesale, kodwa kufanele uqale ngamasampula kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezincane. Abathengisi bavame ukunganaki ukuthi ubukhulu bokuthunyelwa, ukulebula okulungele ukuthengiswa, kanye nokwenza ngcono ibhokisi kuthinta kangakanani inzuzo. Ngokuhweba ngaphesheya kwemingcele, isentimitha elilodwa elingeziwe lingabalulekile esigabeni sempahla, kanti ikhadi elilodwa lokufaka elingalingani kahle lingaphakamisa ingozi yokubuya.

Uma isigaba sibucayi ekuphepheni, njengemishini yokuntanta noma yokuvikela, ukuthengiswa ngobuningi kufanele kuhambisane nokuhlolwa okubhaliwe kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwesampula. Emikhiqizweni ehlobene nokuntanta, umklamo ohlosiwe kumele ubonise ukusetshenziswa kanye nohlobo lomuntu ogqokile, futhi ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana kufanele kuhambisane nezindinganiso eziqashelwayo njenge-ISO 12402 yamadivayisi okuntanta komuntu siqu. Ezintweni zemidlalo ezincike ekusebenzeni komthelela, indlela yokuhlola ibaluleke kakhulu njengokucaciswa kwezinto.

Iphuzu eliwusizo lokubhekisela yi-ASTM F963, indinganiso yokuphepha kwamathoyizi esetshenziswa kabanzi emikhiqizweni eqondiswe ezinganeni e-United States. Ihlanganisa imikhawulo kanye nezindlela zokuhlola izingozi zemishini kanye nezingxenye ezincane, yingakho imikhiqizo yokuzijabulisa yezingane ingeke itholakale njengempahla yasekhaya evamile. Uma inhlanganisela yakho ihlanganisaimikhiqizo yendlu yokudlala yezinganenoma izinto zokuzijabulisa zesitayela samatende, ingxoxo yokufuna izinto kufanele ihlanganise ukulinganisa ubudala, ukuqina kokuthunga, kanye nokuqina kokuqina ngaphambi kokuxoxisana ngentengo.

Lokho abathengi bemikhiqizo yezemidlalo yangaphandle okufanele bakubuze ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda

Abathengi abathengisa ngobuningi abangcono kakhulu babuza imibuzo enciphisa ukungezwani ngemva kokuthenga, hhayi nje intengo yokuthenga.

1. Iyini izinga eliqondile lezinto zokwakha, ubuningi, noma ukwakhiwa kwendwangu?
2. Ingabe umhlinzeki anganikeza isampula efanelana neyunithi yokukhiqiza ngobuningi?
3. Yiziphi izinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso ezikhona zelogo, ukupakisha, nombala?
4. Yisiphi isinyathelo sokuhlola esenzeka ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa?
5. Amayunithi anezinkinga aphathwa kanjani ngemva kokufika?

Le mibuzo ibalulekile ngoba umthengisi owela umngcele akagcini nje ngokuthenga isitokwe; uthenga ulwazi lwamakhasimende esikhathi esizayo. Umhlinzeki onikeza imvume yesampula kanye nokuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuthunyelwa kunciphisa amathuba okuthi uhlu olubukhoma luhluke kusampula evunyiwe. Lokho kubaluleke kakhulu emikhiqizweni enethemba eliphezulu lokuthinta, njenge-dumbbells, omata, izinto zokuzivikela, kanye nezesekeli ze-kayak.

Kubathengi abathenga izinto ezivela eShayina, imikhuba yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ezimele ivame ukukholisa kakhulu kunezimangalo zokumaketha ezibanzi. I-US Consumer Product Safety Commission ishicilela idatha yokukhumbula kanye nesiqondiso sokuphepha abathengisi abangasisebenzisa ukuqonda ukuthi ukwehluleka komkhiqizo kuvame ukwenzeka kuphi. Okwamanje, uhlaka lwe-ASTM lwezinto eziningi zokuzijabulisa lukunikeza uhlu lokuhlola olusebenzayo lwezinto zokwakha, ukwakhiwa, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezingozi. Lezi zinkomba zisiza abathengisi abawela imingcele ukuba basuke ekuqhathanisweni kwentengo baye ekutholeni izinto ezilungiswe ngengozi.

Kungani i-OEM kanye nelebula yangasese kubalulekile ekuthengisweni kwemikhiqizo yezemidlalo yangaphandle ngobuningi

I-OEM kanye nelebula yangasese yizindlela ezisheshayo zomthengisi owela umngcele zokubalekela ukuncintisana kwezimpahla ezihlanzekile.

Uma umhlinzeki esekela i-OEM, umthengisi angathonya ukubekwa kwelogo, umbala, ukupakishwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukucushwa komkhiqizo. Lokho kwenza uhlu lube lula ukuhlukanisa futhi kuvame ukuthuthukisa ukuguqulwa kokusesha ngoba okunikezwayo kubukeka kukhethekile kunokwejwayelekile. Ilebula yangasese ibuye isize abathengisi ukuthi bakhe umndeni womkhiqizo, hhayi i-SKU eyodwa kuphela, okubalulekile ezigabeni zangaphandle lapho amakhasimende evame ukuthenga khona amasethi noma izinto ezihambisanayo.

Empeleni, i-OEM isebenza kahle kakhulu uma umthengisi esevele enomuntu oqondiwe. Umthengisi we-Amazon okokuqala angaqala ngokuqinisekiswa okuholwa yisampula, kuyilapho umsabalalisi angacela ngokushesha ukupakishwa okulungele ukuthengiswa kanye nokwenza ngcono iphakethe lebhokisi. Lapho uhlela ukuthengisa kabusha ezimakethe eziningi, kulapho kufanele ucabange kakhulu ngokubekwa kwebhakhodi, ubukhulu bebhokisi, kanye nemiyalelo yezilimi eziningi.

• Sebenzisa i-OEM uma umkhiqizo ufana ngokubonakalayo phakathi kwabancintisana nabo.
• Sebenzisa ilebula yangasese uma udinga ukuqashelwa komkhiqizo okuphindaphindwayo.
• Sebenzisa ukupakishwa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso lapho ukukhanga kweshelufu lokuthengisa kuthinta ukuguqulwa.
• Sebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwesampula ngaphambi kwanoma yisiphi isibopho sokukhiqiza ngobuningi.

Yingakho futhi ukuhleleka kwesigaba kubalulekile. Uma ikhathalogi yakho ihlanganisaamabhodi okugwedla, ama-dumbbell, futhiizesekeli zezemidlalo, ungakha indaba eqhubekayo ngobuningi mayelana nesidingo sendlela yokuphila esebenzayo esikhundleni sokuphatha umkhiqizo ngamunye njengephrojekthi yokuthenga ehlukile.

Yiziphi izigaba zemidlalo zangaphandle okulula kakhulu kubathengisi bemingcele ukuzilinganisa

Izigaba ezilula ukuzilinganisa ngokuvamile yilezo ezinezimo zokusetshenziswa ezicacile, ukuhambisana nomthetho okulawulekayo, kanye nekhono eliqinile lokuthengisa ngokubonakalayo.

Imikhiqizo yezemidlalo yasemanzini iyakhanga ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwayo kusobala futhi indaba yesizini kulula ukuyithengisa. Imishini yokuzivocavoca iyakhanga ngoba inesidingo sonyaka wonke futhi isebenza kahle ngamaqoqo. Imikhiqizo yokuzilibazisa yangaphandle efana namatende nezinto zokuzijabulisa eziphathwayo ithengiswa kahle lapho ukusebenziseka kalula kanye nokusetshenziswa komndeni kugcizelelwa. Imikhiqizo yangaphandle yezingane ingakhula ngokushesha futhi, kodwa kuphela uma ukuphepha, izinto zokwakha, kanye nokufaneleka kweminyaka kubhalwe kahle.

Ngemikhiqizo yokuphepha kwamanzi, ingxoxo yokuhlola kufanele ifake ukusebenza kwe-flotation kanye nokulebula. Isibonelo, i-ISO 12402-5 ihlanganisa izinsiza zokufutha nge-buoyancy elinganiselwe engu-50 N, kuyilapho i-ISO 12402-4 ihlanganisa ama-lifejackets angu-100 N. Lezo zinombolo azizona nje izinto zobuchwepheshe; ziyisihlungi sokuthola. Uma umthengisi ethengisa umkhiqizo wecala lokusetshenziswa okungalungile, angadala izinkinga zokuphepha kanye nokuhambisana nomthetho. Ungabuyekeza umndeni ojwayelekile ngokusebenzisaI-ISO 12402-5.

Emikhiqizweni yezingane, i-ASTM F963 iyisivikelo esingcono kunezimangalo ezingacacile “zezinto eziphephile”. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ukuhlola izingozi ezihlobene namathoyizi, kufaka phakathi izindawo ezibukhali, izingxenye ezincane, kanye nezidingo ezihlobene nokusha. Abathengisi abaphatha amatende ezingane noma izindawo zokudlala kufanele bacele idatha yokulinganisa ubudala kanye nokuqina ngaphambi kokuba bavume isampula. Umkhiqizo ungase ubonakale ulula, kodwa ingozi yokuthengwa ivame ukuba phezulu kunezinto zokuzijabulisa zabantu abadala.

Indlela ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nokuvunyelwa kwesampula okuvikela ngayo abathengisi abawela imingcele

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi umehluko phakathi kohlelo lokuthengisa ngobuningi olukwazi ukulinganiswa kanye nomjikelezo wokubuyiselwa kwemali.

Abathengisi abawela imingcele balahlekelwa yimali lapho umkhiqizo wasefektri uphuma kusampula evunyiwe. Lokho kugeleza kungabonakala ekuthungeni, ukujiya kwezinto, ukubekwa kwelogo, noma umonakalo wokupakisha. Ubudlelwano bomhlinzeki obuhlelekile kufanele bufake ukuqinisekiswa kwesampula, ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuthunyelwa, kanye neshidi lemininingwane elibhaliwe. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho umkhiqizo uthengiswa ku-inthanethi, lapho amakhasimende enquma ngokusekelwe ezithombeni futhi ashiye impendulo ngokusekelwe kulokho okufikayo.

I-NIST igcizelela ukulandeleka kanye nesiyalo sokulinganisa emisebenzini yokukhiqiza kanye nokulinganisa, okubalulekile ngisho nasezimpahleni zabathengi. Uma umhlinzeki engakwazi ukuchaza ukuthi baqinisekisa kanjani ubukhulu noma ukuhambisana kwesisindo, umthengisi unesivikelo esilinganiselwe ekushintsheni kwamaphutha. Umgomo awukona ukuphelela kwelebhu; ukuhambisana kwezentengiselwano okuphindaphindwayo.

I-stack yokulawula esebenzayo yemikhiqizo yezemidlalo yangaphandle ngobuningi ibukeka kanje:

1. Buyekeza imidwebo yomkhiqizo, izinto zokwakha, kanye nokubekezelelana kwezinhloso.
2. Vuma isampula eyodwa yokubhekisela ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa.
3. Qinisekisa usayizi webhokisi, amalebula, kanye nenani lamaphakethe.
4. Hlola kusengaphambili ukuthunyelwa kwesampula.
5. Landelela impendulo yamakhasimende ngohlobo lwephutha ngemva kokuqaliswa.

Ezimakethe eziningi, izinga elincane lokukhubazeka lingaholela ekulahlekelweni kwemali engenayo okukhulu kakhulu ngoba imbuyiselo ibangela nezijeziso zepulatifomu, abasebenzi abasekelayo, kanye nokulahlekelwa yizinga. Yingakho abathengisi abanolwazi abavela kwamanye amazwe bevame ukwazisa isiyalo sokuhlola somhlinzeki njengentengo yeyunithi yakhe.

Indlela yokwakha i-assortment enenzuzo evela kumhlinzeki oyedwa othengisa ngobuningi

Ama-akhawunti anenzuzo kakhulu ngokuthengisa ngobuningi avame ukuqala ngesigaba esisodwa bese enwebeka emikhiqizweni eseduze.

Esikhundleni sokuthola izinto ezingahleliwe, yakha uhambo lwamakhasimende. Umthengi wokuqina angaqala ngama-dumbbell, bese engeza omata, izesekeli zokumelana, nezinto ezihlobene nokugcina. Umthengi wezemidlalo yamanzi angaqala ngamajakethi okusindisa, bese enwebeka kumabhodi okugwedla kanye nezimpahla zokuphepha. Umthengi wezokuzijabulisa zomndeni angaqala ngamatende, bese engeza imikhiqizo yokudlala yezingane kanye nezesekeli zangaphandle eziphathwayo.

Le ndlela ithuthukisa amandla okuthengisa okuxubile futhi yehlisa ubunzima bokuthola izinto ngoba umphakeli wakho usevele eqonda ibhendi yentengo yakho eqondiwe, isitayela sokupakisha, kanye nokulindelwe kwekhwalithi. Futhi kwenza ukuhlela kwesizini kube lula. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo yesimo sezulu esifudumele ingahlanganiswa nama-SKU okuqina komzimba wangaphakathi ukuze kutholakale inzuzo yonyaka wonke.

• Qala nge-anchor SKU eyodwa kanye nama-SKU amabili asekelayo.
• Sebenzisa ulimi lokupakisha oluhambisanayo kulo lonke umugqa.
• Gcina imikhiqizo ehlobene nokuphepha kanye nemikhiqizo engeyona eyokuphepha ezindaweni zokubuyekeza ezihlukene.
• Nweba kuphela ngemva kokuba umjikelezo wokuqala wokugcwalisa kabusha usebenze kahle.

Uma umhlinzeki engakwazi ukumbozaama-roller skates, amatende ezingane, futhiimikhiqizo yezemidlalo yamanzi, umthengisi angahlola izikhwama eziningi zokufunwa ngaphandle kokuthola umthengisi omusha isikhathi ngasinye. Leso esinye sezimpikiswano ezinamandla kakhulu zomlingani othengisa ngobuningi obuhlukahlukene.

Yiziphi izindinganiso nezilinganiso ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwemikhiqizo yezemidlalo yangaphandle ngobuningi?

Izindinganiso zibalulekile ngoba ziguqula ikhwalithi yomuntu siqu ibe yizidingo ezingaqinisekiswa.

Kubathengisi ababhekene ne-US, amazinga e-ASTM avame ukulawula indlela imikhiqizo ehlolwa noma ehlolwa ngayo. Ngokuphathelene nokuthengwa kwemikhiqizo emhlabeni jikelele, amazinga e-ISO ahlinzeka ngolimi oluhlanganyelwe lwezinhlelo zekhwalithi kanye nokusebenza komkhiqizo othize. Indinganiso eqondile incike esigabeni, kodwa umqondo wokuthengwa kwemikhiqizo uhlala ufana: chaza isimo sokusetshenziswa, hlela indinganiso efanele, bese uqinisekisa isampula ngokumelene nayo.

Izilinganiso kufanele futhi zimboze ukulingana kobukhulu, ukuziphatha kokuthwala umthwalo, kanye nokuphela kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Emikhiqizweni yabathengi, ngisho nomehluko omncane ungathinta inani elibonakalayo. Isibambo se-dumbbell esinokuqina okungekuhle, isigxobo setende esingalingani, noma ijazi lokuphila elinekhwalithi yomthungo engalingani konke kungadala ukubuyekezwa okungekuhle. Abathengi abacela ukubekezelelana kwenani ngokuvamile bavikelekile kangcono kunabathengi abacela kuphela ikhotheshini ephansi kakhulu.

Uma kungenzeka, cela umhlinzeki ukuthi asho indlela yokulinganisa, hhayi nje umphumela. Ukubekezelela isisindo kuwusizo kuphela uma wazi ukuthi kwalinganiswa kanjani nokuthi ngayiphi ithuluzi. Lena enye yezindlela ezilula zokuhlukanisa umlingani othembekile nomthengisi wezinto ezithengiswayo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa mayelana nemikhiqizo yezemidlalo yangaphandle ethengiswa ngobuningi kubathengisi bemingcele

Ubani okufanele athenge imikhiqizo yezemidlalo yangaphandle ngobuningi kuqala?

Abathengisi abanezidingo eziphindaphindwayo, imigomo yelebula yangasese, noma ukuhlukahluka okucacile kwesizini kufanele baqale kuqala, ngoba ukuhlela inani lemiklomelo ngobuningi kanye nokungaguquguquki komkhiqizo.

Ingabe i-OEM ingcono kunesitokwe esilungele abathengisi abavela kwamanye amazwe?

I-OEM ingcono uma ukwahluka komkhiqizo kubalulekile, kanti isitoko esilungele ukuhlolwa singcono ekuhlolweni okusheshayo, kodwa ukukhetha okungcono kuncike esivinini sakho sokuqalisa kanye nomgomo wakho we-margin.

Iyini ingozi enkulu ekuthengeni imidlalo yangaphandle ngobuningi?

Ingozi enkulu ukungaguquguquki kwesampula kuya ekuthunyelweni, ngoba kwandisa imbuyiselo, kwenza buthaka ukubuyekezwa, futhi kwenza ithrafikhi ekhokhelwayo ingasebenzi kahle.

Yiziphi izigaba zomkhiqizo eziphephe kakhulu ukuzihlola kuqala?

Izesekeli zokufaneleka, izinto zokuzijabulisa zangaphandle ezingezona ezokuphepha, kanye nezesekeli zezemidlalo ezilula ngokuvamile kulula ukuzihlola kunemikhiqizo yokuphepha elawulwayo.

Umthengisi anganciphisa kanjani ingozi yokubuyisa ngaphambi koku-oda ngobuningi?

Sebenzisa ukuvunyelwa kwesampula, imininingwane ebhaliwe, ukuhlolwa kwebhokisi, kanye nokuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuthunyelwa ukuze iyunithi yokukhiqiza ngobuningi ifane nereferensi evunyiwe.

Kungani imikhiqizo yezemidlalo yasemanzini idinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe?

Ngoba ukuntanta, ukulingana, ukulebula, kanye nokunemba kokusetshenziswa kungathinta ukuphepha, ukuthobela imithetho, kanye nokwethenjwa kwamakhasimende ngezindlela izesekeli ezivamile ezingazithinti.

Umthengisi kufanele amkhethe kanjani umhlinzeki wezimpahla ezithengiswa ngobuningi?

Khetha umhlinzeki ongasekela ukwenza ngokwezifiso, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuzinzile, izikhathi ezicacile zokulethwa, kanye nolwazi lwesigaba kulo lonke uhlobo lwakho oluhlosiwe.

Kubathengisi abafuna isisekelo esibanzi sokuthola izinto, kuyasiza ukusebenza nomhlinzeki obekwe njengomlingani wezemidlalo nezokuzilibazisa wezigaba eziningi kunokuba ngumthengisi womkhiqizo owodwa. Leso sakhiwo sisekela ukukhula kwephothifoliyo, ukusampula okungcono, kanye nokuhlela okulula kokugcwalisa kabusha unyaka wonke.